Locus Ceruleus Control of Slow-Wave Homeostasis

Locus ceruleus control of slow-wave homeostasis.

Sleep intensity is regulated by the duration of previous wakefulness, suggesting that waking results in the progressive accumulation of sleep need (Borbely and Achermann, 2000). In mammals, sleep intensity is reflected by slow-wave activity (SWA) in the nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep electroencephalogram, which increases in proportion to the time spent awake. However, the mechanisms respons...

Locus ceruleus control of state-dependent gene expression.

Wakefulness and sleep are accompanied by changes in behavior and neural activity, as well as by the upregulation of different functional categories of genes. However, the mechanisms responsible for such state-dependent changes in gene expression are unknown. Here we investigate to what extent state-dependent changes in gene expression depend on the central noradrenergic (NA) system, which is ac...

Gene Wakeup Calls from the Locus Ceruleus

Dopamine and some other neuromodulators are thought to act by volumetric signaling (i.e., gradient diffusion of neurotransmitter to receptors beyond a synaptic release site). In this issue, Paspalas and Goldman-Rakic outline such a signaling pathway involving the D5 dopamine receptor. They used immunogold labeling and electron microscopy in pyramidal neurons of monkey prefrontal cortex. Specifi...

the relationship between locus of control and iranian efl university students’ beliefs about language learning

this exploratory study aimed to investigate a possible relationship between learners’ beliefs about language learning and one of their personality traits; that is,locus of control (loc). both variables, beliefs and locus of control, are assumed to influence the language learning process. the internal control index (ici) and the beliefs about language learning inventory (balli) were administered...

Nucleus locus ceruleus: new evidence of anatomical and physiological specificity.